JavaScript Operators

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JavaScript is a powerful and versatile programming language, and operators are an essential part of any JavaScript program. They help you perform operations on variables, values, and expressions. In this guide, we’ll take a detailed look at JavaScript operators, types, and provide practical examples for each one.

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What Are JavaScript Operators?

JavaScript operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on values or variables. They can be categorized into several types, each serving a different purpose in JavaScript. The most common types of operators include:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Unary Operators

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1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Examples of Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	5 + 3 → 8
-	Subtraction	5 - 3 → 2
*	Multiplication	5 * 3 → 15
/	Division	6 / 3 → 2
%	Modulus (Remainder)	7 % 3 → 1
**	Exponentiation	2 ** 3 → 8

Sample Code:

let num1 = 10;
let num2 = 5;

console.log(num1 + num2); // Output: 15
console.log(num1 - num2); // Output: 5
console.log(num1 * num2); // Output: 50
console.log(num1 / num2); // Output: 2
console.log(num1 % num2); // Output: 0
console.log(num1 ** num2); // Output: 100000

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2. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Examples of Assignment Operators

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple Assignment	x = 10
+=	Add and Assign	x += 5 → x = x + 5
-=	Subtract and Assign	x -= 5 → x = x - 5
*=	Multiply and Assign	x *= 5 → x = x * 5
/=	Divide and Assign	x /= 5 → x = x / 5
%=	Modulo and Assign	x %= 5 → x = x % 5

Sample Code:

let x = 10;
x += 5;  // x = x + 5
console.log(x); // Output: 15

x *= 2;  // x = x * 2
console.log(x); // Output: 30

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3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values. They return true or false based on the condition.

Examples of Comparison Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	5 == 5 → true
===	Strict Equal to	5 === "5" → false
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3 → true
!==	Strict Not Equal to	5 !== "5" → true
>	Greater than	5 > 3 → true
<	Less than	3 < 5 → true
>=	Greater than or equal	5 >= 3 → true
<=	Less than or equal	3 <= 5 → true

Sample Code:

let a = 10;
let b = 20;

console.log(a == b);  // Output: false
console.log(a !== b); // Output: true
console.log(a > b);   // Output: false
console.log(a <= b);  // Output: true

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4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements. They are essential for controlling program flow.

Examples of Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	true && false → false
`		`
!	Logical NOT	!true → false

Sample Code:

let x = true;
let y = false;

console.log(x && y); // Output: false
console.log(x || y); // Output: true
console.log(!x);     // Output: false

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5. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work with the binary representation of numbers.

Examples of Bitwise Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	5 & 3 → 1
`	`	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR	5 ^ 3 → 6
~	Bitwise NOT	~5 → -6
<<	Left Shift	5 << 1 → 10
>>	Right Shift	5 >> 1 → 2

Sample Code:

let num1 = 5;  // 0101 in binary
let num2 = 3;  // 0011 in binary

console.log(num1 & num2); // Output: 1 (0001 in binary)
console.log(num1 | num2); // Output: 7 (0111 in binary)
console.log(num1 ^ num2); // Output: 6 (0110 in binary)

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6. Ternary Operator

The ternary operator is a shorthand for if-else statements. It has three parts: a condition, a true value, and a false value.

Syntax:

condition ? expression1 : expression2;

Example:

let age = 18;
let canVote = (age >= 18) ? "Yes, you can vote." : "No, you cannot vote.";
console.log(canVote); // Output: Yes, you can vote.

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7. Unary Operators

Unary operators perform operations on a single operand.

Examples of Unary Operators

Operator	Description	Example
++	Increment	x++
--	Decrement	x--
+	Unary Plus	+x
-	Unary Negation	-x
!	Logical NOT	!x

Sample Code:

let num = 5;
console.log(++num); // Output: 6
console.log(num--); // Output: 6 (then num becomes 5)

 

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